1593
Spanish dollar, no Wisselbank yet
In 1593 Venice’s public bank is already open. Potosí silver is still moving into the piece of eight. The Wisselbank is 1609.

The Banco della Piazza di Rialto has been open since 1587. These pages do not give it a new statute this year.
Spanish American mints are still striking the eight-real piece, the Spanish dollar of Atlantic trade. Amsterdam’s public deposit bank opens in 1609. The Bank of England is 1694.