After the Tower seizure

In 1655 the 1640 seizure is already past. The Stop of the Exchequer is 1672. The Wisselbank is open. The Bank of England is not.

Pillar dollar of eight reales, Mexico, 1771. A later striking of the Spanish dollar. Not a coin of the year of this page.Public domain.

Charles I had already taken merchants’ bullion from the Tower mint. These pages do not date the later goldsmith shift beyond the articles’ phrase: after the Restoration.

When goldsmith running-cash notes come, they are receipts that can be endorsed while the metal stays put. The Stop of the Exchequer, which suspends payments on much of that royal debt, is 1672. It is not this year.

Warehouses to public banks →