1836
Specie Circular
Public land must be paid in gold or silver. The Second Bank’s federal charter expires the same year.

The Specie Circular of 1836 required gold and silver for purchases of public land. Paper from state banks was not enough for that payment.
The same year, the federal charter of the Second Bank expired. It had been granted for twenty years in 1816. This page does not pick a villain for what followed.